1. PROJECT ------------ Title: Forecasting land management and extreme weather effects on earthworm populations, soil function and ecosystem services Dates: Aug 2016 - Jul 2019 Funding organisation: NERC Grant no.: NE/N019504/1 2. DATASET ------------ Title: Input, validation and output data for the mechanistic earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) population model, EEEworm. Description: The activities of ecosystem engineers are considered important to the soil functions that underpin the provision of ecosystem services. Earthworms act as important ecosystem engineers in soils, are extensively distributed across the globe, and often represent the most abundant animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Their influence on the structural properties of soil and microorganism communities regulates soil organic matter (SOM) and promotes plant growth. Digestion and the creation of burrows and casts facilitate water and gas transport, incorporation of plant material in the soil and mixing of soil mineral and organic fractions, whilst an increase in water infiltration rates can decrease the potential for soil erosion by 50%, significant in the restoration of degraded land. These features make earthworms of great importance in managing ecosystem services. Crucial to food production from agriculture are the beneficial effects of earthworms on plant growth. Yet, under conventional agriculture, many of the beneficial properties of earthworm activity are replaced by the use of chemicals and mechanical management practices. Proliferation of the deep burrowing anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris has been particularly well linked to various soil functions and ecosystem services. However, while L. terrestris is a dominant earthworm species in undisturbed habitats, their populations have been shown to greatly decline in conventional agriculture. Still, in reduced tillage agriculture a decline in mechanical disturbance allows for L. terrestris proliferation, whilst the activities of L. terrestris can replace many of the soil functions provided by tillage. In our paper (Forecasting tillage and soil warming effects on anecic earthworm populations) we present EEEworm, a mechanistic model of Lumbricus terrestris populations. We validate that the EEEworm model can predict individual and population-level dynamics as observed in independent laboratory and field trial data, and then use the model to explore the drivers of tillage effects on L. terrestris populations and project long-term consequences of different tillage intensities under future soil warming conditions. In this dataset we provide EEEworm model simulation outputs for the simulations described in our paper, either at the individual-level in the laboratory or population-level in the field. Corresponding data from the independent studies, which are compared to our model outputs in the paper, are available from the various publications listed in the following sections. Input weather files are also provided, which were used to input weather conditions at INRA and Rothamsted experimental stations for the population-level simulations. Publication Year: 2017 / 2018 Creator(s): Alice Johnston Organisation(s): University of Reading, Syngenta Ltd. Rights-holder(s): University of Reading 3. TERMS OF USE ----------------- Copyright University of Reading 2017. This dataset is licensed by the rights-holder under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 4. CONTENTS ------------ File listing Files provide EEEworm model outputs and weather input files used during model validation and application simulations. Model validation simulations are set up according to independent laboratory and field studies (i.e. the data from these studies are not used during model development and parameterisation), and EEEworm outputs (provided here) compared to the corresponding study data to assess how well the model predicts individual life history and field population dynamics for the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. The data for each validation study presented in the paper (Johnston, Sibly & Thorbek, Forecasting tillage and soil warming effects on anecic earthworm populations, Journal of Applied Ecology) is available from the corresponding publication, details of which are also outlined below. Weather inputs are also provided for the INRA field trial of Pelosi et al. (2008) and the Rothamsted field trial of Edwards and Lofty (1982) together with the long-term historical weather data (1950-2016) and future baseline weather projections (2017-2067) at Rothamsted Experimental Station. These weather files are used to simulate weather conditions in the Netlogo EEEworm model (submitted as Supporting Information for the paper "Johnston, Sibly & Thorbek, Forecasting tillage and soil warming effects on anecic earthworm populations, Journal of Applied Ecology"). EEEworm_BerryJordan2001: EEEworm model outputs for Lumbricus terrestris growth in various soil moisture conditions. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 4b) are available from: Berry, E.C. & Jordan, D. (2001) Temperature and soil moisture content effects on the growth of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) under laboratory conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33, 133-136. EEEworm_Butt1993: EEEworm model outputs for Lumbricus terrestris cocoon production of 4 adults provided ad libitum food. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 4e) are available from: Butt, K.R. (1993) Utilisation of solid paper-mill sludge and spent brewery yeast as a feed for soil-dwelling earthworms. Bioresource Technology, 44, 105-107. EEEworm_Butt2011: EEEworm model outputs for Lumbricus terrestris growth and cocoon production provided horse manure of birch leaf diets. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 4d & f) are available from: Butt, K.R. (2011) Food quality affects production of Lumbricus terrestris (L.) under controlled environmental conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 2169-2175. EEEworm_Danieletal1996: EEEworm model outputs for changes in individual Lumbricus terrestris body masses when provided no food at varying temperatures. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 4c) are available from: Daniel, O., Kohli, L. & Bieri, M. (1996) Weight gain and weight loss of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. at different temperatures and body weights. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28, 1235-1240. EEEworm_EdwardsLofty1982: EEEworm model outputs for Lumbricus terrestris population densities in arable fields at Rothamsted under different tillage intensities (direct drilled, chisel ploughed and deep ploughed). Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 7) are available from: Edwards, C.A. & Lofty, J.R. (1982) The Effect of Direct Drilling and Minimal Cultivation on Earthworm Populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 723-734. EEEworm_Gerard1967: EEEworm model outputs for monthly changes in the vertical distribution of a Lumbricus terrestris population at various depths of the soil profile in pasture at Rothamsted. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 5) are available from: Gerard, B.M. (1967) Factors Affecting Earthworms in Pastures. Journal of Animal Ecology, 36, 235-252. EEEworm_LoweButt2003: EEEworm model outputs for Lumbricus terrestris growth when hatchlings are maintained with different food (milled or unmilled separated cattle solids)and in monoculture or in the presence of an adult conspecific. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 4a) are available from: Lowe, C.N. & Butt, K.R. (2003) Influence of food particle size on inter- and intra-specific interactions of Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny) and Lumbricus terrestris: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002. Pedobiologia, 47, 574-577. EEEworm_Pelosi2008: EEEworm model outputs for total, adult and juvenile Lumbricus terrestris population densities in surface tilled and deep ploughed fields in different years. Data for comparison with EEEworm outputs as presented in our paper (Fig. 6) are available from: Pelosi, C., Bertrand, M., Makowski, D. & Roger-Estrade, J. (2008) WORMDYN: A model of Lumbricus terrestris population dynamics in agricultural fields. Ecological Modelling, 218, 219-234. EEEworm_Rothamsted_field: EEEworm model outputs for Lumbricus terrestris population densities in arable fields at Rothamsted under different tillage intensities (direct drilled, chisel ploughed and deep ploughed) in historical weather conditions (1950 – 2016) and baseline future weather projections (2017-2067) (Fig. 9 of our paper). Weather_INRA: Average weekly weather inputs (soil temperature and soil water potential) for surface tilled and deep ploughed plots at INRA experimental station. Weather inputs were provided by the authors of Pelosi, C., Bertrand, M., Makowski, D. & Roger-Estrade, J. (2008) WORMDYN: A model of Lumbricus terrestris population dynamics in agricultural fields. Ecological Modelling, 218, 219-234, and are used to simulate Lumbricus terrestris population dynamics in the field. Weather_Rothamsted: Weather input files used to simulate the long-term Rothamsted simulations (Fig. 3 of our paper), with mean soil temperature and soil water potential (-kPa) values between 1950 and 2067. Inputs between 1950 and 2016 are based on historical weather records and were extracted from the electronic Rothamsted Archive (e-RA). Baseline weather projection inputs between 2017 and 2067 are based on the increase in soil temperature and decrease in soil water potential (higher –kPa values) observed during the previous 50 years. 5. METHOD and PROCESSING -------------------------- All details of EEEworm model simulations are provided in the article "Johnston, Sibly & Thorbek, Forecasting tillage and soil warming effects on anecic earthworm populations, Journal of Applied Ecology" and its supporting information.