1. PROJECT ------------ Title: Framing Effects and Context in Language Comprehension Dates: 19 September 2016 - 18 September 2020 Funding organisation: AHRC Grant no.: AH/L503939/1 The dataset is associated with Sarah Fisher's PhD Thesis 'Framing Effects and Context in Language Comprehension' (in preparation). 2. DATASET ------------ Title: Equivalence in Risky-choice Framing (ERF) Description: The study was undertaken as part of Sarah Fisher's PhD research. It investigated whether a classic risky-choice framing effect depends on the semantic inequivalence of the options presented in alternative framing conditions. The dataset comprises response data from two experiments, both of which were run online using Qualtrics/ Amazon Mechanical Turk. The experiments involved Mechanical Turk Workers completing a choice task, based on a short scenario concerning the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease. In the first experiment (n=305), each participant received one of four versions of the scenario. In the second experiment (n=308), each participant received one of three versions of the scenario. After completing the choice task, participants answered a small number of demographic/ screening questions. Publication Year: 2020 Creator: Sarah Fisher Organisation: University of Reading Rights-holder: Sarah Fisher Source(s): The experimental scenario was adapted from one used by Tversky and Kahneman: Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458 3. TERMS OF USE ----------------- Copyright 2020 Sarah Fisher. This dataset is licensed by the rights-holder under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 4. CONTENTS ------------ File listing: ERF_Experiment1_Data ERF_Experiment1_Metadata ERF_Experiment2_Data ERF_Experiment2_Metadata Descriptions: ERF_Experiment1_Data is a xlsx file containing data from the first experiment, which was downloaded from Qualtrics and processed (see details in section 5 below). ERF_Experiment1_Metadata is a xlsx file containing metadata for interpreting the data from the first experiment. ERF_Experiment2_Data is an xlsx file containing data from the second experiment, which was downloaded from Qualtrics and processed (see details in section 5 below). ERF_Experiment2_Metadata is a xlsx file containing metadata for interpreting the data from the second experiment. 5. METHOD and PROCESSING -------------------------- The experiments were run online using Qualtrics/ Amazon Mechanical Turk. Raw data were downloaded from Qualtrics. All data produced by the project team during testing were removed. All identifying data were also removed (IP address; location data; Mechanical Turk worker ID; Mechanical Turk code). Blank cells were given suitable codes. Two columns of data were added, to record whether the participant was screened out from analysis and, if so, for what reason. As part of the screening process, the following filtering script was used: https://osf.io/2uxk9/. In the first experiment, participants were randomly assigned one of the following four scenarios. The corresponding data is captured in columns L, M, N, and O of file ERF_Experiment1_Data. Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 200 people will be saved. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that no people will be saved. Which of the two programs would you favor? (Program A/ Program B) Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 200 people will live. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will live and a two-thirds probability that no people will live. Which of the two programs would you favor? (Program A/ Program B) Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 200 people will survive. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will survive and a two-thirds probability that no people will survive. Which of the two programs would you favour? (Program A/ Program B) Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 400 people will die. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that nobody will die and a two-thirds probability that 600 people will die. Which of the two programs would you favor? (Program A/ Program B) In the second experiment, participants were randomly assigned one of the following three scenarios. The corresponding data is captured in columns L, M, and N of file ERF_Experiment2_Data. Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 200 people will be saved. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that no people will be saved. Which of the two programs would you favor? (Program A/ Program B) Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 200 people will live. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will live and a two-thirds probability that no people will live. Which of the two programs would you favor? (Program A/ Program B) Consider the following scenario: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 400 people will die. If Program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that nobody will die and a two-thirds probability that 600 people will die. Which of the two programs would you favor? (Program A/ Program B)