1. PROJECT Title: Diagnosing Earth's Energy Pathways in the Climate system (DEEP-C) Dates: 2014 - 2017 Funding organisation: NERC Grant no.: NE/K005480/1 We acknowledge the support from the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the National Centre for Earth Observation. ------------ 2. DATASET Title: Reconstructions of the radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere and net surface energy flux over 1985-2017 -- DEEPC Version 4.0 Description: In order to study the energy flow in the climate system, the radiation fluxes (OLR, ASR and NET) at the top of atmosphere (TOA) prior to the CERES period are reconstructed using satellite observations of CERES version 4.1 and ERBS WFOV version 3.0, atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) and AMIP6 model simulations. The new approach using the mass-corrected atmospheric energy divergencies (transports) from ERA5 and the new enthalpy treatment of water substances (Mayer et al. 2017) is employed to estimate the net surface energy fluxes. Publication Year: 2020 Creator(s): Chunlei Liu and Richard P. Allan Organisations: University of Reading Rights-holders: University of Reading Source(s): https://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/order_data.php http://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-interim. https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5 ----------------- 3. TERMS OF USE Copyright University of Reading 2020. This dataset is licensed by the rights-holders under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ------------ 4. CONTENTS File listing Version 4.0 Net surface energy flux: DEEPC_Fmass_v04_198501-201711.nc As in version 3.0, the excess/deficit land surface fluxes are redistributed to the oceans zonally (using normal distribution weight in latitude direction). See Liu et al. (2017). TOA radiative fluxes: DEEPC_TOA_NET_v04.0_198501-201906.nc DEEPC_TOA_ASR_v04.0_198501-201906.nc DEEPC_TOA_OLR_v04.0_198501-201906.nc -------------------------- Version 3.0 TOA radiative fluxes: Normal weighting (cos(lat)) DEEPC_TOA_NET_v03.0_198501-201601.nc DEEPC_TOA_ASR_v03.0_198501-201601.nc DEEPC_TOA_OLR_v03.0_198501-201601.nc Geodetic weighting DEEPC_TOA_NET_v03.0_198501-201601_GEOD.nc DEEPC_TOA_ASR_v03.0_198501-201601_GEOD.nc DEEPC_TOA_OLR_v03.0_198501-201601_GEOD.nc Surface energy flux: Normal weighting Fmass_v03.0_R.nc Fmass_v03.0_R_intermediate.nc Geodetic weighting Fmass_v03.0_R_GEOD.nc Atmospheric divergence/transport (mass corrected and land surface flux adjusted) Normal weighting (cos(lat)) TEDIV_v03.0_R.nc All files are in netcdf format. The downward fluxes are defined as positive. The TOA radiation fluxes are from January 1985 to June 2019. The surface energy flux is the net energy flux from January 1985 to November 2017. Geodetic weighting can be found at https://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/science_information.php?page=GeodeticWeights. Fmass_v03.0_R.nc and Fmass_v03.0_R_GEOD.nc: the excess/deficit land surface fluxes are redistributed to the oceans zonally (using normal distribution weight in latitude direction). See Liu et al. (2017). Fmass_v03.0_R_intermediate.nc: the excess/deficit land surface fluxes are redistributed to the hemispheric oceans evenly. See Liu et al. (2015). -------------------------- 5. METHOD and PROCESSING For detailed method, please see Allan, R.P., Liu, C., Loeb, N.G., Palmer, M.D., Roberts, M., Smith, D. and Vidale, P.-L. (2014), Changes in global net radiative imbalance 1985-2012. Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (15). pp. 5588-5597. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1002/2014GL060962. Liu, C., Allan, R.P., Berrisford, P., Mayer, M., Hyder, P., Loeb, N., Smith, D., Vidale, P.-L. and Edwards, J.M. (2015), Combining satellite observations and reanalysis energy transports to estimate global net surface energy fluxes 1985-2012. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 120 (18). pp. 9374-9389. ISSN 2169-8996 doi: 10.1002/2015JD023264. Liu, C., Allan, R.P., Mayer, M., Hyder, P., Loeb, N., Roberts, C.D., Valdivieso, M., Edwards, J.M. and Vidale, P.-L. (2017), Evaluation of satellite and reanalysis-based global net surface energy flux and uncertainty estimates, submitted to JGR-Atmosphere. Liu C RP Allan, M Mayer, P Hyder, D Desbruyeres, L Cheng, J Xu, F Xu and Y Zhang (2020) Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985-2017, Clim. Dyn., doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05451-8. Mayer M, Haimberger L, Edwards JM, Hyder P (2017) Toward consistent diagnostics of the 626 coupled atmosphere and ocean energy budgets. J Climate 30(22):9225-9246