1. ABOUT THE DATASET ------------ Title: Dataset supporting the article 'Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees'. Creators: Chris Wyver (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-0859)[1] Organisation(s): [1]Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading RG6 6AR Rights-holder(s): University of Reading Publication Year: 2023 Description: This dataset contains estimates of emergence dates for 88 species of British bees from 1980-2019, and R script to reproduce the results from the manuscript "Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees." The emergence dates themselves are produced from presence-only bee observations provided by the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (BWARS), and the raw data is available upon request from www.bwars.com. The temperature variable is is extracted from .nc files freely obtained from https://surfobs.climate.copernicus.eu/dataaccess/access_eobs_chunks.php at 0.25 degree resolution. Cite as: Wyver, C.(2023). Dataset supporting the article 'Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees' DOI: 10.17864/1947.000477. Related publication: Wyver, C., Potts, S.G., Edwards, M., Edwards, R. and Senapathi, D. (2023). Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees. Ecology and Evolution, 13 (7). e10284. ISSN 2045-7758. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10284 Contact: Chris Wyver, c.w.wyver@pgr.reading.ac.uk, 07887298390 2. TERMS OF USE ------------ Copyright 2023 University of Reading. This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 3. PROJECT AND FUNDING INFORMATION ------------ Title: Mitigating risks to pollination services caused by climate change - PhD Project Dates: Sept 19 - Jan 24 Funding organisation: BBSRC via Waitrose Collaborative Training Partnership Grant no.:BB/T508895/1 WorldWide Fruit Ltd contributed to the funding and development of this project. 4. CONTENTS ------------ EmergenceDates.csv - A .csv file containing all the data used to re-create the results in the manuscript "Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees". It contains estimated emergence dates for 88 species of British bees, along with data representing sampling intensity and mean latitude of each emergence estimate. It also contains traits data, comprising of four life-history traits (lecty, overwintering stage, emergence period and voltinism) and a temperature variable, comprised of the mean temperature for the 90 days prior to the mean emergence date of each species. - 11 variables, 2955 rows Variables: - Species: taxonomic name for each of the 88 species of bee used in this analysis. Character - year: Year of emergence estimate. Numeric. Unit: Year - Emergence: Estimated emergence date for each species in each year. Numeric. Unit: Day of Year - n: Number of raw observations making up the emergence estimate. Numeric. Unit: Number of Records - Northing: Mean northing of each emergence estimate. Numeric. Unit: Northing (British National Grid) - Lecty: Foraging specialization of each species. Character - Overwintering.Stage: Overwintering Stage of each species. Character - Emergence.Period: Emergence period (Spring vs Summer) of each species. Character - Voltinism: Voltinism of each species. Character - Trait.Group: Trait group of each species, each trait group shares all four traits. Character. - TG: Mean temperature of the 90 days prior to the mean emergence date of each species. Numeric. Unit: Degrees Celsius Note: This is extracted from .nc files freely obtained from https://surfobs.climate.copernicus.eu/dataaccess/access_eobs_chunks.php at 0.25 degree resolution. - cs_asdescriptive: Species names as given in ISO nomenclature for standardization. EmergenceShift.R - R script used to produce the analysis in the manuscript "Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees". It contains details of the linear-mixed models, and individual species linear models, as well as Kruskal-Wallis tests to test for differences between different trait groups. 5. METHODS ----------- The emergence dates were created as the 5th Percentile date based on raw observational data from a dataset kept, and requestable from, BWARS (www.bwars.com). Raw Traits data is directly available upon request from Stuart Roberts (spmr@msn.com) Full statistical methods can be found in the methods section of "Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees", and it involves linear mixed-models, species level linear models and Kruskal-Wallis tests to test for differences between pairs of trait groups. Wyver, C., Potts, S.G., Edwards, M., Edwards, R. and Senapathi, D. (2023). Climate-driven phenological shifts in emergence dates of British bees. Ecology and Evolution, Under Review.