This dataset contains raw and processed data for liquid atmospheric-pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (LAP-MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of chromosome-specific amelogenin peptides following a simple acid extraction from enamel. A modified Synapt G2-Si with an in-house built atmospheric pressure MALDI source was used for all MS and MS/MS analyses. Raw data was processed using Mascot Distiller (Version 2.8.5, 64-bit; Matrix Science, London, England) and the exported peak lists were searched for protein database entry matches using ProteinProspector, thus providing peptide identification and characterisation.