We investigated the contribution of linguistic and executive control processes in semantic context effects for young healthy Bengali-English bilingual and English monolingual speakers. We collected blocked-cyclic naming data, executive control data and background measures to characterize each participant. This dataset contains the blocked-cyclic naming data as well as Stroop data in English from 25 Bengali-English bilinguals and 25 English monolinguals. The data from the blocked-cyclic naming task was collected using audio recorder, later transcribed orthographically. Demographic information and vocabulary testing data were collected using paper and pen tasks. Executive control tasks were assessed using computer-based tasks and were programmed and delivered using E-Prime. The groups were matched for receptive vocabulary, age, education and non-verbal intelligence. These data could be used by future researchers to answer their specific questions regarding blocked-cyclic naming performances amongst different language users (e.g., monolinguals vs. bilinguals) as well as cognitive and linguistic underpinnings of the task (e.g., executive control measures, vocabulary measures). Dataset accompanying the paper entitled: Patra A, Bose A, Marinis T (2020, under review). Semantic context effects in bilingual and monolingual speakers. Journal of Neurolinguistics.