Title: An Integrated Techno-Economic Approach for Simultaneous Energy Storage System Design and Energy Consumption Management for Heavy Goods Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Abstract: Parallel to the development of transport system electrification and increasing the number of charging stations in developed countries like the UK, the techno-economic design of the Energy Storage System (ESS) and the related energy consumption management have been more concerned. The problem is more crucial for the Heavy Good Electric Vehicles (HGEVs), on-route and depot charging stations, due to late development, higher charging power and energy consumption rather than of the light vehicles. It is evident that ESS characteristics, including the battery capacity and power-electronic rating, and consumption management are interconnected problems, and chasing the real optima should be solved simultaneously as a whole. Also, various technical constraints, including connection limits, the converter loading rates, power balance and energy equilibrium, must be considered joined to the economics, which involves the energy bill and storage and power-electronic capital and operating costs. This problem is addressed in this work using an integrated elitist intelligent algorithm. This approach has been applied to daytime and 24-hour on-route stations modelled after two UK service stations and for various fleet sizes and depot operation styles. ESS-based and charging-slot management both targeted to minimise the energy delivery price are potential demand-side approaches feasible just in depot operations. These approaches can be applied independently or concurrently to maximise the benefits. The recent comprehensive evaluation has yielded novel insights in this field. A cost-benefit analysis is incorporated to validate the robustness of the proposed approach over the tariff dynamics and different time durations.